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Autor	Kinga Gruziel, Małgorzata Raczkowska
Tytuł	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Title	The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries
Słowa kluczowe	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Key words	tax, taxation of agriculture, agricultural tax
Abstrakt	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Abstract	The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.
Cytowanie	Gruziel K., Raczkowska M. (2018) The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 162-174
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s162.pdf

Autor	Marzena Ganc
Tytuł	Sprawiedliwość opodatkowania rolnictwa oraz możliwości zmian w tym zakresie w opinii rolników indywidualnych
Title	Fairness of taxation of agriculture and the possibility of changes in this regard in the opinion of farmers
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Abstract	The purpose of the article was to determine the opinion of individual farmers in the field of justice tax system previously used in agriculture and the introduction of income tax. In the opinion of the respondents of farming conditions in Poland are much less favorable than in the EU-15, which justifies the preferential treatment of agriculture in terms of tax in relation to other branches of farm. In addition, farmers are willing to accept the introduction of income tax provided that the taxable income would be valued less labor costs and their own preferred system would work incentives and exemptions in this regard.
Cytowanie	Ganc M. (2011) Sprawiedliwość opodatkowania rolnictwa oraz możliwości zmian w tym zakresie w opinii rolników indywidualnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 89: 207-218
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n89_s207.pdf

Autor	Kinga Gruziel
Tytuł	Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Taxation of Agriculture in the UE
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Abstract	The paper identifies the main objectives of taxation of agriculture in selected countries of the European Union. Presents selected solutions of taxation of agriculture in general and preferential terms. Taxation of income from agricultural activities is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. Tax policy in the EU, in relation to agriculture, to the extent possible effect to the principle of fair taxation. Diversifying the EU rules and tax structure allows the taxation of income from agricultural activities without compromising the ability of farm development. Special treatment of agriculture in the fiscal dimension is expressed through the tax structure elements (relief, exemptions, exclusions).
Cytowanie	Gruziel K. (2011) Opodatkowanie rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 94: 149-158
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2011_n94_s149.pdf

Autor	Ryta Dziemianowicz
Tytuł	Ocena polskich rozwiązań w zakresie opodatkowania rolnictwa na tle systemów obowiązujących w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej
Title	Assessment of the Polish system of agricultural taxes against the background of systems in force in the selected European Union member states
Słowa kluczowe	opodatkowanie rolnictwa, podatek dochodowy, podatek majątkowy, VAT
Key words	taxation of agriculture, income tax, property tax, VAT
Abstrakt	Ścieżkę rozwoju rolnictwa warunkuje wiele czynników zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych.Istotny wpływ na tempo jego transformacji mogą mieć również instytucje, do których zaliczyć możnatakże system podatkowy. Aby jednak podatki odegrały istotną rolę w rozwoju rolnictwa, z ichkonstrukcji powinno się wyeliminować wszystkie elementy prowadzące do nieefektywnegogospodarowania i zastąpić je nowymi konstrukcjami, które przyczynią się do rozwoju tego sektora icałej gospodarki. Niestety w Polsce, jak dotychczas, nie dostosowano systemu opodatkowaniarolnictwa ani do potrzeb tego działu, ani do potrzeb rozwijającej się gospodarki. Zastosowanerozwiązania, wprowadzane jeszcze w innej rzeczywistości ekonomicznej, nie tylko nie są wydajnefiskalnie, ale także nie stymulują modernizacji tego sektora. Projektowanie nowego systemupodatkowego nie jest jednak rzeczą prostą. Jak dotychczas ani teoria, ani praktyka opodatkowania niedają jednoznacznych odpowiedzi, jaka powinna być jego konstrukcja. W związku z tym, budującnowy systemu podatkowy lub reformując istniejący, powinno się wykorzystywać zarówno aktualnąwiedzę teoretyczną, jak i dotychczasowe doświadczenia innych krajów, co zazwyczaj pozwala, już nawstępie, na wyeliminowanie ewentualnych błędów. Artykuł prezentuje systemy opodatkowaniarolnictwa zastosowane w krajach UE i jednocześnie stanowi próbę oceny polskich rozwiązaństosowanych w tym zakresie
Abstract	The process of agricultural transformation goes through certain stages including structuralchanges and changes of sector’s role in whole economy. Its development path is determined bynumerous external and internal factors. Also institutions, which may include the taxation system, havea significant impact on the agricultures transformation rate. In order for taxes to truly play animportant part in the development of agriculture, including its Polish version, all the elements leadingto ineffective management should be eliminated and replaced with new constructions, whichcontribute to the development of this sector and whole economy. Unfortunately in Poland, untilpresent, the agricultures taxation system has not yet been adapted neither to the needs of this sectornor to the needs of a developing economy. The adopted solutions, implemented in a quite differenteconomic reality, not only are ineffective fiscally but also do not stimulate the modernization of thissector. Designing a new taxation system is not a simple thing however. As of yet, neither theory norpractice of taxation give unequivocal answers to how its structure should look like. In relation withthis, when building a new taxation system or reforming the existing one, one should use both currenttheoretical knowledge and previous experiences of others, which usually allows, at the beginning, forelimination of the prospective mistakes. The article presents agricultures taxation systems adopted inthe EU countries and at the same time is an attempt to assess the Polish solutions adopted in this field
Cytowanie	Dziemianowicz R. (2007) Ocena polskich rozwiązań w zakresie opodatkowania rolnictwa na tle systemów obowiązujących w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 2(17), z. 2: 184-194
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2007_T2(17)_n2_s184.pdf